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一波关于肠道微生物的代谢工具来袭，快来了解一下！

基本知识与应用案例
医学

医学领域

　疾病早期诊断方法研究

　标准化诊断过程建立

　病理研究及医疗诊断

应用前景：
随着医疗科技的飞速发展，医学工作者们已经不局限于简单的疾病治疗，未来的医疗及科研机构逐渐向开发新的快速准确的早期诊断方法及个性化治疗方面扩展，这可能需要通过一些新的研究方法来实现，代谢组学作为一种新兴的研究方法逐渐得到医学研究者的关注。

兔子创伤性关节炎的代谢组学研究

研究背景

运动或事故容易造成膝关节损伤，而手术修复上述两种损伤可能引起“再受伤”。在某些情况下，一些受伤者会发展为创伤性关节炎，而这一过程可能长达10-15年。开发评估受伤者是否可能会恶化为创伤后关节炎很重要，而在早期发现并干预可能更有效。

实验设计

1. 成年雌性兔子分为两组，创伤组和非创伤性组
2. NMR检测血浆样本

实验结果——疾病代谢物发现

1、 处理6小时后，受到创伤的兔子在行动上对照组的兔子没有差异，排除活动可能对代谢带来的影响。创伤三周后，mRNA转录表达的基质金属蛋白酶-13（软骨退变的关键性酶）和滑膜炎症介质（白介素）恢复为正常水平。组织学分析显示两组间滑膜厚度和滑膜细胞数量没有改变；
2、 创伤后三周样本中谷氨酸盐、焦谷氨酸盐、谷氨酸浓度的增加与犬类的关节炎模型相似；
3、 创伤后的9周和52周，膝关节软骨的改变显示创伤和关节炎有明显联系；
研究启示——疾病早期诊断
代谢组学用一种全面的且非侵袭性分析方法来寻找生物标志物，从而在疾病的早期诊断和治疗反应的监测方面起到非常重要的作用。文献检索:
Metabolic profile of plasma before and after induction of an isolated intra-articular bone injury in the rabbit knee: Potential to characterize the onset of osteoarthritis? Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, 2015

医学领域2015年发表的文献

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  8. Blasco, H.; Nadal-Desbarats, L.; Pradat, P. F.; Gordon, P. H.; Madji Hounoum, B.; Patin, F.; Veyrat-Durebex, C.; Mavel, S.; Beltran, S.; Emond, P.; Andres, C. R.; Corcia, P. Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: combining metabolomic and clinical parameters to define disease progression. European journal of neurology 2015. (IF:4.055)
  9. Castro, C.; Briggs, W.; Paschos, G. K.; FitzGerald, G. A.; Griffin, J. L. A metabolomic study of adipose tissue in mice with a disruption of the circadian system. Molecular bioSystems 2015, 11, 1897-1906. (IF:3.21)
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  11. Fages, A.; Duarte-Salles, T.; Stepien, M.; Ferrari, P.; Fedirko, V.; Pontoizeau, C.; Trichopoulou, A.; Aleksandrova, K.; Tjonneland, A.; Olsen, A.; Clavel-Chapelon, F.; Boutron-Ruault, M. C.; Severi, G.; Kaaks, R.; Kuhn, T.; Floegel, A.; Boeing, H.; Lagiou, P.; Bamia, C.; Trichopoulos, D.; Palli, D.; Pala, V.; Panico, S.; Tumino, R.; Vineis, P.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.; Peeters, P. H.; Weiderpass, E.; Agudo, A.; Molina-Montes, E.; Huerta, J. M.; Ardanaz, E.; Dorronsoro, M.; Sjoberg, K.; Ohlsson, B.; Khaw, K. T.; Wareham, N.; Travis, R. C.; Schmidt, J. A.; Cross, A.; Gunter, M.; Riboli, E.; Scalbert, A.; Romieu, I.; Elena-Herrmann, B.; Jenab, M. Metabolomic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European prospective cohort. BMC medicine 2015, 13, 242. (IF:7.249)
  12. Yen, S.; McDonald, J. A.; Schroeter, K.; Oliphant, K.; Sokolenko, S.; Blondeel, E. J.; Allen-Vercoe, E.; Aucoin, M. G. Metabolomic analysis of human fecal microbiota: a comparison of feces-derived communities and defined mixed communities. Journal of proteome research 2015, 14, 1472-1482. (IF:4.245)
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  15. Lamichhane, S.; Yde, C. C.; Schmedes, M. S.; Jensen, H. M.; Meier, S.; Bertram, H. C. Strategy for Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics of Human Feces. Analytical chemistry 2015, 87, 5930-5937. (IF:5.636)
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  18. Mickiewicz, B.; Kelly, J. J.; Ludwig, T. E.; Weljie, A. M.; Wiley, J. P.; Schmidt, T. A.; Vogel, H. J. Metabolic analysis of knee synovial fluid as a potential diagnostic approach for osteoarthritis. Journal of orthopaedic research 2015, 33, 1631-1638. (IF:2.989)
  19. Moazzami, A. A.; Frank, S.; Gombert, A.; Sus, N.; Bayram, B.; Rimbach, G.; Frank, J. Non-targeted 1H-NMR-metabolomics suggest the induction of master regulators of energy metabolism in the liver of vitamin E-deficient rats. Food & function 2015, 6, 1090-1097. (IF:2.791)
  20. Nagana G., G. A.; Gowda, Y. N.; Raftery, D. Expanding the limits of human blood metabolite quantitation using NMR spectroscopy. Analytical chemistry 2015, 87, 706-715. (IF:5.636)
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  31. Vazquez-Fresno, R.; Llorach, R.; Urpi-Sarda, M.; Lupianez-Barbero, A.; Estruch, R.; Corella, D.; Fito, M.; Aros, F.; Ruiz-Canela, M.; Salas-Salvado, J.; Andres-Lacueva, C. Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study. Journal of proteome research 2015, 14, 531-540. (IF:4.245)
  32. Wei, D.-D.; Wang, J.-S.; Li, M.-H.; Guo, P.-P.; Dong, G.; Yang, M.-H.; Kong, L.-Y. A pilot study of the onset of hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in mice induced by thioacetamide and the protective effect of taurine by holistic metabolic characterization. Metabolomics 2014, 11, 559-570. (IF:3.855)（chenomx）
  33. Wen, H.; Lee, T.; You, S.; Park, S. H.; Song, H.; Eilber, K. S.; Anger, J. T.; Freeman, M. R.; Park, S.; Kim, J. Urinary metabolite profiling combined with computational analysis predicts interstitial cystitis-associated candidate biomarkers. Journal of proteome research 2015, 14, 541-548. (IF:4.245)
  34. Friedrich, N.; Budde, K.; Suhre, K.; Völker, U.; John, U.; Felix, S. B.; Kroemer, H. K.; Grabe, H. J.; Völzke, H.; Nauck, M.; Wallaschofski, H. Sex differences in urine metabolites related with risk of diabetes using NMR spectroscopy: results of the study of health in pomerania. Metabolomics 2015, 11, 1405-1415. (IF:3.855)